Exploring Human Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploring Human Services - Essay Example Apart from drug abuse, alcohol abuse and tobacco abuse also come under the label of substance abuse. Substance abuse is increasing day by day all over the world because of increasing stress levels at family, society and workplace. The current generation is tied up with so many commitments and responsibilities at family, society and workplace and it is difficult for them to fulfill all the commitments. The failure or pressure to fulfill the commitments increases the stress levels of an average person which finally lead him towards substances like alcohol, drug or tobacco in order to get at least some temporary relaxation. â€Å"Abused substances produce some form of intoxication that alters judgment, perception, attention, or physical control. The 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse estimated the number of users of illicit drugs in the United States to be about 13 million. In addition, the survey estimated that 10% of Americans abuse or are dependent on alcohol, and 25% of Americans smoke cigarettes† (Substance Abuse Overview). This paper briefly explains the substan ce abuse through the perspectives of human services in New York City. Substance abuse can be prevented with the combined effort of family, school, community, individual and peer. If either one component of the above mentioned domains neglect the substance abuse issue, the prevention would be much more difficult. The persons who are already addicted to substance abuse must be given proper treatment and at the same time prevention also should be given priority. Substance abuse can cause problems not only to the person who is addicted, but even for the relatives or other family members as well. For example, an alcohol or drug addicted pregnant woman can cause severe damages to the physical and mental development of the fetus. Moreover, substance abusive behavior of either of the parents can cause lot of damages to the children irrespective of their age or sex. So the

Managing resources in a business context Assignment

Managing resources in a business context - Assignment Example Employment Tribunals and UK Fleming (1992) pointed out that forming a tribunal can help employees to seek justice from legal authority which can protect their interest. According to common employment law rule, employers or companies are vicariously liable for any sort of torts they have applied on employees. But, definition of employment tribunal covers large areas such as physical harassment, payment delay or no payment, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, racial discrimination etc. In such context, Brodie (2007) has given the example of the case Hamlyn v. John Houston & Co [1903], where court has given the verdict that employers should bear equal responsibility for losses or profit made by employees. Weekes (2004) gave the case example of Kooragang Investments Pty Ltd v. Richardson Ltd [1984]; wrongful act of employees can even cause harm to reputation of the organization. It is evident from the above argument that role of Employment Tribunals is hotly debated topic among res earch scholars. In UK, employees can go to Employment Tribunals only for three reasons such as 1- unfair dismissal of the employee, 2- any kind of discrimination conducted by the employer on employee and 3- unfair deduction of payment (UK Government, 2013a). Lee (2001) and Selmi (2000) pointed out those issues like sexual harassment or gender based discrimination have been long ignored by Employment Tribunals. Same is the condition with UK Employment Tribunal where there are no separate provisions for gender based discriminations. However, the tribunal uses following procedures to settle down disputes between employee and employer. Claim Presentation & Response Employees need to submit the completed claim form to tribunal office located in England and Wales or Scotland. Location of the tribunal office is decided as per the location of the business or employer which has violated the legal norms regarding employee management. Tribunal office can reject the claim of the employee or nul lify the validity of the dispute if the claim has not made through claim form or the claimant fails to provide information regarding his/her identity (UK Government, 2013b). After receiving the claim, the tribunal office sends the response form to claimant in order to specify detail description of the dispute and the claimant has to return back the response sheet within four weeks. Case Management & Decision There are various steps before the dispute proceeding reaches the stage for case management phase but discussion of these cases is beyond the scope of this paper. During case management phase, judges in the Employment Tribunal ask lawyer for employee and employer to bring evidences which can substantiate their argument. Both employee and employer get 14 days prior notice to appear in the tribunal panel. Employment Tribunal has the authority to disclose any document regarding the case and has the authority to remove false evidences or irrelevant parties from the case (UK Governme nt, 2013b). It is duty of the employee to report about wrongdoings of employer within 90days of the incident otherwise the claim will be rejected. Number of hearing in the case management phase is decided by the judges in the Employment Tribunal. However, at the end of the case hearings, judges of the tribunal announce the decision regarding the case. The decision of the Employment